Electric condenser construction



Feb. 8, 1938. B. G. oLvlNG ELECTRIC CONDENSER CONSTRUCTION Filed aaron 9, 1933 s sheets-sheet 1 INVENTOR fil.'

MNHN www man 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 8, 1938. B. G. oLvlNG ELECTRIC CONDENSER CONSTRUCTION Filed March 9, 1933 Olv INVENTR r 9 oRNEYs Feb. 8, 1938.

B. G. OLVI NG ELECTRIC CONDENSER CONSTRUCTION Filed March 9, 1953 LC Y 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 8, 1938 UNITED STATES ELECTRIC CONDENSER CONSTRUCTION Bror G. Olving, Hamden, Conn., assignor .to Products Protection Corporation, a corporation of Delaware ApplicationlMarch 9, 1933, Serial No. 660,082

3 Claims.

'I'his invention relates to electric condenser construction and more particularly to condenser construction adapted for high voltage application.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, and practical condenser construction that will be well adapted to meet the varying conditions of practical use, that will be capable of rapid manufacture and assembly. and that will be rugged and reliable in use and action. Another object is to provide an electric condenser construction in which the elec` trical interconnecting of individual condenser sections may be quickly and inexpensively and reliably achieved. Another object is to provide a construction of the above-mentioned character in which thoroughly dependable insulation between condenser sections may be reliably and inexpensively achieved. Another object is to provide a simple, practical, and inexpensive electrical condenser having good electrical proper# ties and capable of operation at high voltages. Other objects will be in part obvious or in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts las will be exemplified in the structure to be hereinafter described and the scope of the application oi which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings,` in which are shown several of the various possible embodiments Vof the electrical features of my invention,

Figure 1 is a vertical central sectional view through a completely assembled condenser;

Figure 2,is a horizontal sectional view as seen along the li'ne 2-'2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary sectional view through several condenser sections, on an enlarged scale, showing certain of the electrical portions of the condenser in one stage of their construction;

Figure 4 is an elevation as seen from the top in in Figure 3; and

Figure 5 is a view like that of Figure 3 showing another possible formwhich the condenser construction may take.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views in the drawings.

a casing I0 of any suitable construction adapted to enclose and house the condenser construction,` together with a suitable insulating medium. `By way of illustration the casing I0 may consist of Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, I have shown a cylindrical pressed steel casing or tank in which the side walls I0* and the bottom IIIb are preferably formed integrally with one another, the

- closure IIl being applied as described hereinafter. Inasmuch as I have elected to illustrate the electrical features of my invention in coaction with a dielectric medium that is in the form of a gas, such as nitrogen, for example, under a pressure on the order of l5 atmospheres, I prefer to employ the casing construction just mentioned inasmuch as that casing construction is well adapted to withstand such heavy internal pressures.

The central portion of the closure I Ilc is'provided'with a threaded openingll to receive a supporting rod I2 preferably of steel, the parts being so related that when the closure Iiic is in closing position, the rod I2 is substantially coaxial with the axis of the casing III. Preferably the rod I2 is welded to the closure IIIc as at I3 in order to insure air-tightness.

Adjacent its upper end, as viewed in Figure l, the supporting rod I2 carries a collar I4 pinned thereto as by the tapered pin I5 and abutting against the left-hand face of the collar I4 is a spider-like support generally indicated at I6, made of any suitable metal.

The member I6 is provided with a collar portion I6El (see also Figure 2) adapted to abut 1 against the metal collar Il, these parts being suitably 'shaped as is indicated at I1 to prevent rotation of the spider member I6 relative to the collar I4 and hence relative to the casing itself.

The spider member I6 has a number of radially extending arms, Illustratively four in number and shown in Figure 2 at I6, I6, IGd, and I6", these arms terminating at their lower outer ends (Figure 1) in aring-shaped member Isf.

At its lower end, as seen in Figure l, the supporting rod i2 carries a somewhat similar spider member generally indicated at- I8, the latter be- ,ing provided with a ring-shaped member I8f facing toward the ring-shaped member I6f.

These two ring-shaped parts I8f and I6t are adaptedvto Vsupport my condenser construction, the latter being virtually clamped between the twospiders I 6 and I8, a nut I9 (Figure 1) threaded onto the rod I2 and suitably locked as by aL cotter pin 20, acting, with the rod I2, to draw the two spider members I6 and I8 toward each other and thus securely to hold the condenser construction in place.

The condenser construction is made up prefermay be provided in one or more layers, alternated foils and paper being spirally wound.

Turning now to Figures 3 and 4, the Winding of the sections of the condenser may now be considered. I first provide a suitable core 2|, preferably cylindrical and having a diameter equivalent to the minimum inside diameter which the spirally wound condenser is to have. In Figures 3 and 4 the core 2l is diagrammatically indicated but in practice I prefer to use as a core the part or parts which is or are to take part in the ultimate assembly of the condenser. By way of illustration, these parts may be built somewhat as shown in Figure 1.

Thus, I provide a supporting core made up of two hollow cylinders 22 and 23 of solid dielectric material, each approximating an axial length of about one-half of the axial length of the spirally wound condenser. These solid dielectric cylinders 22-23 are fitted into suitable bezels 24al and 24b of a ring-shaped support 24 whose outer periphery forms a continuation of the outer cylin drical surface of the thus alined cylindrical supports 22-23. The ring members 24, of solid di electric material, such as bakelite, may be provided with a suitable number of inwardly directed or radially extending spokes 24C whose inner ends terminate in a circle whose diameter is equal t the diameter of the supporting rod I2. Members 22-23 may also be made of metal, and preferably are, thus aiding in the dissipation of possible heat losses.

Into the ends of the cylinder thus formed by the parts 22-23-24 are inserted collars 25 and 26 made of solid dielectric, such as bakelite, these rings being right-angled in cross-section so that the axially extending flange fits into the cylinders while the radially extending anges thereof abut against the respective ends of the cylindrical members 22-23.

These parts, thus assembled and held together in any suitable way, may be used as a core, diagrammatically indicated at 2i in Figures 3 and 4, onwhich the foil and paper insulation may now be wound.

Turning now to Figures 3 and 4, in which these parts are shown in exaggerated cross-section, I rotate the core 2l in any suitable way and start winding thereon two strips of metal foil F1 and F2 and two strips I1 and I2 of insulation, each, by way of example comprising one or more layers of suitable paper, these four strips being alternated, v

the insulation strips' I1 and I2 having their edges alined while one foil strip F1 is staggered upwardly with respect to the insulation strips and projects upwardly thereof and the other foil strip F2 is staggered downwardly with respect to the alined insulation strips I1 and I2 and projects downwardly. f

The inner edges of the foil strips. as is clearly shown in Figure 3, are remote from the alined edges of the strips of insulation and if the pressure of winding is adequate, and I prefer to make it so, the adjacent portions of the insulation strips that project beyond the inner edges of the foil strips are pressed into contact with each other and thus the inner edges of the foil strips are more effectively insulated. l

The winding proceeds until an appropriate number of turns has been wound to result in a condenser section of the desired electrical capacity and characteristics; then the winding ceases and one of the two foil strips, vfoil strip Fr (see Figure 4) is cut o' and in its place, for a circumferential distance of well over one turn,

I then insert a barrier generally indicated in Figures 3 and 4 at 21. There has thus been thus far formed one condenser section which for convenience I designatein Figures 3 and 4 as Si. InfFigure 4 the barrier 21 will be seen to extend throughout one and a quarter turns, the two end portions overlapping each other by an arc of 90 and having extending therebetween the two insulation strips I1 and I2 with the foil F2 between the latter.

This barrier 21 is made of any suitable solid dielectric material and, for example, may comprise several thicknesses of a suitable paper, for example, ve thicknesses of iish paper, the latter being 0.010" thick. These illustrative figures are appropriate where the barrier is to function with respect to a voltage of 2300.

The width of the barrier 21 (its length in an axial direction as seen in Figure 3) is such that, when its one edge is alined with the lower alined edges of the insulation strips I1 and I2, the other or upper edge as viewed in Figure 3 projects from the upper face of the coil a distancesuilicient to provide a barrier for the potential difference that exists between the projecting foil strips on either side of the projecting part of the barrier.

The winding is now resumed, but with what was formerly foil F1 from the foil supply becoming foil F3 in Figure 4 abutted against the outermost edge or end of the barrier 21. The winding now continues, winding the two insulation strips Ii and I2 and the foil strip F2 and foil strip Fa, all alternated with each other. The interruption in the winding of the one foil caused by cutting olf the foil, as earlier above noted, will be seen, by reference to Figure 4, to be made up by the barrier 21 whose respective ends abut the outer terminus of foil F1 and the inner terminus of foil Fa. The continued winding is carried on to provide the next section S2 of the condenser, the two sections S1 and S2 being electrically connected in series in that the foil F2 will be seen to extend continuously from one section on through and into the other, while the two sections are adequately insulated from each other by the high voltage barrier 21.

The winding continues, as above noted, but is interrupted after suflicient turns have been Wound to give the section S2 an electrical capacity equivalent to that of the smaller-diametered section Si, section S2, having larger inside and outside diameters, requiring fewer turns than section S1. Thereupon foil 'F2 is cut and and the winding is continued for well over one turn, illustratively one and a quarter turns, but with a barrier 28, similar to the barrier 21, substituted for the foil Fa'during this one and a quarter turn of this winding. But barrier 28 is alined (see Figure 3) with the upper edge of the condenser sections and projects beyond the lower edge. Y r

'I'he winding of both foil strips interleaved with the insulating strips is now resumed and, where the inner end of thebarrier 28 abuts against the end of the foil strip-F2, its outer end (Figure 4) has abutted against it the end of foil strip Fi, and the foil strips Fa and F4 interleaved with the insulating strips I1 and In are nowL wound to form an additional section Sa, suilicient turns bewith immediately adjacent insulation strips Ii and I2. These steps are repeated to form as many condenser sections with desired capacities, preferably equal, as may be desired, the process resulting in alternate foil plates extending continuously throughout two successive sections, thus connecting such sections in series.

In Figure 1 I have shown the condenser thus wound as being made up of ilve sections, all

serially connected as above described; these sections are sections S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 with inter' e posed barriers 21, 28, 29, and 30. A

The projecting portions of these barriers 21, 28, 29, and alternate, and are better shown in Figure 3; thus, the upwardly projecting portion of the barrier 21 forms a barrier for the potential difference that exists between the projecting foil strips F1 and Fa and since the foil strip F2 is continuous or common throughout the sections Si and S2, it is of the same potential throughout and the 4downwardly projecting edge portions of the foil strip F2 that are respectively allocated to the sections Si and Sz need not, therefore, be separated by a projecting barrier and for that reason the lower edge of the barrier 21 can be alined with the lower edge of the insulatingstrips I1 andIz. In like manner, the downwardly projecting portion of barrier 28 insures a suillciently Y long leakage path between the downwardly extential.

posed foil members F2 and F4 (between which a potential difference does exist) while its upper edge can be alined with the'upper edge of the insulating strips I1 andIz inasmuch as the upwardly exposed foil members Fn to either side of the plane of the barrier 28 are of the same po-v In like manner the remaining barriers alternately project from the convolutions of the condenser roll.

The outermost section Ss is then covered withk an appropriate number of turns of solid dielectric material, such as iish paper; the resultant insulation is indicated at 3l. Then I apply a vfew turns of tightly wrapped laminated metal, such as sheet copper, brass or aluminum, preferably of a width considerably in excess of the axial dimension of the condenser sections, thus forming virtually a metal sleeve 32 which serves to hold the complete assembly rigid and intact and providing thereby also a good heat-radiating surface.

The resultant condenser unit, thus made up 'of these superimposed serially connected sec.

/ supporting rod I2, its ring member'. It!I similarly A interfltted with the insulating collar 25, the nut I9 tightened up sufficiently to securely hold the parts together and the nut I9 locked.

Of the inside section S1 foil F1 is suitably connected to a conductor or lead 34 (Flgurefl) while a lead or conductor 35 is connected to the foil plate member of the outermost section S5 that is individual to that section. These leads 34-35 may be then related to any suitable terminal bushings, or the like, and by way of illustration I have shown the conductor`34 grounded to the spider member I6 and hence to the casing, and I have-shown the lead 35 connected to the con,-

ducting element of an insulating bushing 36 which is preferably mounted upon or related to to the casing I0, the lower end of the rod I2 being received in an opening 31 in the bottom II)b so that the rod I2 finds itself supported at its ends by the bottom and closing walls IIIb and I8 of the container. The lower end of the rod I2 is preferably welded about ythe periphery of the opening 31 and to the bottom IUD, as is indicated at 38, thus to make a dependable airtight joint. The closure member |02 may now be secured in place. The closure IIIc is preferably dimensioned to be received Within the open end of the cylindrical .side walls I0IL of the container, whereupon the upper edge portions of the latter are hammered or bent over as at Illd (Figure l) 4and then Welded as vat 39 to make an hermetic seal or joint.

The insulating and cooling medium may thereupon be placed in the container and where that takes the form of a gas under pressure, it may be injected'through a nipple 48 threaded into the upper end of the supporting rod I2, the parts being provided with suitable channels or passages opening into the interior of the sealed casing; the parts may also be so constructed that the nipple 40 supports a gage 4I to indicate the pressure of the gas within the container.

'I'he gas under pressure coacts with the projecting ends of the barriers 21, 28, 29, and 30 and so vastly increases their resistance to surface leakage that the projecting portions of the barrier may be greatly diminished in their dimensions. The gas under this high pressure also permeates throughout the paper insulation employed and improves the dielectric strength thereof. The spoked arrangement of the parts I8, 24, Vand I6 (Figure 1) provides a central annular passage joined at its upper and lower ends with the outer annular passageA between the metal shield 32 and the side walls I IIn of the casingi I0, thus providing for the dependable and continuous circulation of the dielectric mediuminto contact with the condenser construction in order to abstract heat therefrom and with the walls of the casing through which the heat is thus dissipated; in this action the metallic shield 32 coacts in that, being a good conductor of heat, it readily abstracts the heat from the condenser and, providing as it does a large exposed surface, effects a rapid transfer of this heat lto the insulating medium.

'I'he metallic shield 32 functions also as an electrostatic shield between the outermost and hence high voltage sections S5 of the condenser and the grounded casing I8. t

The construction will thus be seen to be simple, compact, and rugged, and capable of rapid cori--v struction and assembly. The many heretofore existing diiiculties of interconnecting sections will be seen to be dependably and inexpensively eliminated/ in the unique provision of the steps and arrangement whereby one of the foil strips' of two adjacent sections functions as a series connection between the latter.

Under some circumstances, it may be necessary to provide for the carrying of heavy currents through the condenser and in -that case the projecting edges of foil strips of like polarity the projecting edge portions being overlapped in between the core 2| and the projecting portion of the barrier 28 are similarly treated, then the projecting portions of the foil strip F: that project in the region between the projecting portions of the barriers 21 and 29 are similarly treated, and so on. As already noted this arrangement of interconnecting the projecting edges of the foil strips of like polarity has the advantage of higher current-carrying capacity and it also has the advantage oi achieving a non-inductive capacitance. The projecting portions of #he barriers. moreover, greatly simplify the achievement of these interconnections since two successive projecting barriers deilne the region throughout which this interconnecting is to take place.

Thus, it will be seen that there has been pro-r vided in this invention a condenser construction and a method of achieving the same in which the various objects hereinbefore mentioned, together with many thoroughly practical advantages, are successfully achieved.

As many possible embodiments may be made of the mechanical features of the above invention and as many changes might be made in the embodiments above set forth, all without departing from the scope oi the invention, it is to be understood that al1 matter hereinabove set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim:

1. In condenser construe n, in combination, a casing having extending herethrough a substantially centrally positioned supporting member, means forming a hollow but externally cylindrical core supported by said supporting member with its inner walls spaced from the latter, therevby to form an annular passage therebetween, a condenser comprising/a plurality of annular concentric condenser sections, the innermost of section andthe walls ci said casing.

2. In` condenser construction, in combination,

a casing having extending therethrough a substantially centrally positioned supporting member, means forming hollow but externally cylindrical core supported by said supporting member with its inner walls spaced from the latter, thereby to form an annular passage therebetween, a condenser comprising a plurality of annular concentric sections, each comprising two foil members and two insulating members alternated with each other and arranged spirally, the innermost section being supported by said core and said sections being successively superimposed upon one another, the outside diameter of the outermost section being less than the inside dimension of said casing, thereby to form an outer passage therebetween, and an insulating and cooling medium for circulation .in said passages.

3. In condenser construction, in combination, a casing, a condenser supported within said casing, a shield member surrounding said condenser having a tube-like center portion and end portions, said shield being centrally located within said casing, said center portion of said shield being spaced a distance from said casing over its entire outer surface and said end portions of said shield being spaced from said casing said distance at the points where said end portions are adjacent to said center portion and being spaced progressively greater distances from said shield at points remote from said centerl portion, said condenser having one oi its terminals attached to said casing.

BROR G. OLVING. 

